Prana is the vital life force: it’s gross form is ‘breath’, subtle form is ‘motion’ and mental form is ‘thought’. Pranayama is the process by which body’s vital life force is activated and expanded and the quality improved, to attain awareness, a higher state of vibratory frequency and union.
Panch-prana are the base of all the physiological and psychological functions in our gross body. Pranayama is aimed at cleansing and extending the panch-pranas for higher functions of the mind.
According to Yoga Sutra (2.49) “Pranayama is the regulation of the incoming and outgoing flow of breath with retention. It is to be practiced only after perfection in asana is attained. ( tasmin sati svasa prasvasayoh gativicchedah pranayamah”).
There is a direct relationship between chitta movement and breath . As per Hathapradipika, thoughts and breath are directly related; if breath is controlled and regulated, thoughts can also be calmed down (Chale vate chalam chittam nischale nischalam bhavet, HYP 2:2)
A sustained practice of pranayama purifies the nadis (subtle energy channels, nadisuddhi) and chakras (energy vortices) in the etheric body. Prana is channelized from Ida and Pingala nadi and directed to sushumna nadi, the central channel.
According to Patanjali yogasutras pranayama removes the veil covering the light of knowledge and illumines wisdom. States PYS (sutra 2:52), ‘tataḥ kṣīyate prakāśa-āvaraṇam.’ pranayama practice destroys illusion, ignorance, delusion and allows the inner light of wisdom to shine. Practicing pranayama is essential to experience Samadhi, yoga’s ultimate purpose. The practice involves four mechanisms: puraka or inhalation, rechaka or exhalation, antar kumbhaka or internal breath retention andbahir kumbhaka or external breath retention. A rhythmic ratio advised between puraka, kumbhaka and rechaka which is 1:4:2.
Yoga nidra provides deep muscular, mental and emotional relaxation. It is a calming retreat for the body and mind that allows rest to the organs of the body and the nervous system.
Stress and stress-related disorders arise due to over-stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The result of living constantly with an overstimulated sympathetic nervous system- which is the fight, flight or freeze response- is the appearance of psychosomatic disorders in the body such as asthma, hypertension, high blood pressure, insomnia, indigestion, irritability etc.
The preventive and curative therapy of yoga nidra brings relief and arrests stress disorders from further progression. Owing to relaxation, the body and mind gets into rest and repair state. As balance is attained within the psychic and vital energy of the body, the mental and physical health gets restored.
How does the process? Yoga nidra deals with anticipated stress by a process called ‘living in advance’ (Swami Satyananda Saraswati). The process involves utilizing positive force of imagination and consciously directing it into the future. Here, unpredictable outcomes are transformed into inevitable successes where life becomes a process of ‘conscious enactment.’
Chakras are energy vortices in our subtle body, invisible to the physical eyes. On physical level, chakras are associated with major nerve plexuses and endocrine glands in the body. The major chakras, seven in number, are storehouses of knowledge, potential, emotions and thought processes. Meditating on the chakras helps an individual to understand his/her own behavior patterns, quality of thoughts, emotional reactions as well as help understand which chakras are non-aligned and why.
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